Category glossary

DNSSEC glossary

49 definitions associated with DNSSEC.

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AD bit

The Authenticated Data bit in a DNS response signals that the validating resolver considers the included answer and relevant proof data authentic according to DNSSEC. A stub should only trust the bit when it trusts the resolver and the transport path.

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Aggressive use of DNSSEC-validated cache

A resolver optimization that reuses validated NSEC or NSEC3 proofs to synthesize negative answers for other names covered by the proof. This can reduce authoritative queries and improve resilience during random-subdomain attacks.

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Bogus

A DNSSEC validation state indicating that the resolver expected a verifiable chain but validation failed. A validating resolver normally returns SERVFAIL rather than the unvalidated data unless policy says otherwise.

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Canonical ordering

A deterministic ordering and representation of DNS names and record data used when creating or verifying DNSSEC signatures. It ensures different implementations calculate the same signed data.

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CD bit

The Checking Disabled bit in a DNS query asks a validating resolver to return data without enforcing DNSSEC validation failure for that transaction. It is typically used by a client that intends to validate independently.

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CDNSKEY record

A Child DNSKEY record published by a child to request that the parent create or update a corresponding DS record. It is an alternative signal to CDS for automated delegation maintenance.

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CDS record

A Child DS record published in a child zone to signal desired DS changes to the parent. It supports automated DNSSEC delegation maintenance when the parent follows a defined acceptance policy.

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Chain of trust

The sequence of validated signatures and delegation records that links a configured trust anchor to signed data. At a secure delegation, the parent's DS authenticates the child's DNSKEY set.

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Compact denial of existence

A DNSSEC design that reduces or avoids the traditional zone-enumeration and response-size costs of NSEC or NSEC3 while still proving nonexistence. Specific mechanisms depend on the authoritative implementation and standards in use.

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DANE

DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities, a family of mechanisms that uses DNSSEC-protected records to associate services with certificates or public keys. TLSA is the best-known record used by DANE.

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Denial of existence

Cryptographic proof that a queried name or record type does not exist in a signed zone. NSEC and NSEC3 are the classic mechanisms used to provide the proof.

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DNSKEY record

A record containing a public key used to verify DNSSEC signatures made by the corresponding private key. DNSKEYs commonly serve as zone-signing or key-signing keys based on operational role.

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DNSSEC

DNS Security Extensions add origin authentication and integrity protection to DNS data through digital signatures and authenticated denial of existence. DNSSEC does not encrypt queries or responses.

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DNSSEC validation

The process of verifying DNSSEC signatures and chains of trust from a configured trust anchor. The result is commonly classified as secure, insecure, bogus, or indeterminate.

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DO bit

The DNSSEC OK bit in the EDNS OPT record indicates that a requester can receive DNSSEC-related records in the response. It does not by itself request or prove validation.

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DS record

A Delegation Signer record in a parent zone contains a digest of a child DNSKEY and identifies the algorithm and digest type. It creates a signed delegation in the chain of trust.

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Hash algorithm

The cryptographic digest function used in DNSSEC operations such as DS records or NSEC3 hashing. Algorithm agility allows older digest methods to be replaced as security expectations change.

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Indeterminate

A DNSSEC state in which a validator cannot determine whether data should be considered secure, insecure, or bogus, often because required information is unavailable or an unsupported algorithm is involved. Exact handling depends on the validating implementation and policy.

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Inline signing

A model in which an authoritative system accepts or stores unsigned zone data and automatically generates and serves the signed version. It separates content management from cryptographic signing operations.

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Insecure delegation

A delegation from a signed parent that intentionally has no DS record for the child, indicating that the child is not part of the DNSSEC chain of trust. Validators can accept the child's unsigned answers as insecure rather than bogus.

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Key ceremony

A controlled process for generating, activating, backing up, rolling, or retiring cryptographic keys, often with documented roles and evidence. It is especially important for high-trust trust anchors and KSKs.

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Key rollover

The planned replacement of a DNSSEC key while maintaining a valid chain of trust and continuous validation. Rollovers require timing that accounts for TTLs, signature validity, parent DS updates, and publication overlap.

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